Efectos adversos relacionados al uso de AINEs en el manejo de osteoartritis felina y canina

The mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) consists of reducing the production of prostaglandins (PG) by the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX). Older patients are more susceptible to experience side effects, due to a reduction of metabolism and drug excretion rate. It is recommended not to administer NSAIDs to hypovolemic, dehydrated or hypotensive patients and special care should be taken in patients with cardiac, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal and hemostatic dysfunctions. NSAIDs have been widely used for long-term treatment of pain. The effectiveness of carprofen was supported by the larger number of studies, followed by meloxicam and firocoxib. Nevertheless, these can cause certain adverse effects like gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic effects. There is a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic difference between canines and felines that correspond to variance in metabolism. Ibuprofen is not usually recommended for dogs; it can cause ulcers and gastric perforations when therapeutically used, and possibly by many NSAIDs. The objective of this review is to describe the main side effects related to the use of NSAIDs in cats and dogs, to identify and select those that even today can be administered as analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory for therapeutic purposes in the management of inflammation, pain and fever in the osteoarthritis (OA) in these species to control and care in the dosing intervals. El mecanismo de acción de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) consiste en reducir la producción de prostaglandinas (PG) a través de la inhibición de la enzima ciclooxigenasa (COX). Los pacientes más propensos a los efectos secundarios son aquellos de edad avanzada, debido a la reducción de su metabolismo y la excreción del fármaco. Se recomienda no administrar AINEs en pacientes hipovolémicos, deshidratados o hipotensos, y de especial cuidado en pacientes con disfunción cardíaca, renal, hepática, gastrointestinal y hemostática. Los AINEs han sido ampliamente utilizados en el tratamiento del dolor a largo plazo. La eficacia de carprofeno ha sido respaldada por la mayor cantidad de estudios, seguido por meloxicam y firocoxib. Sin embargo, estos pueden causar ulceraciones gástricas, perforaciones y hemorragias entre otros efectos adversos de tipo gastrointestinal, renal y hepático. Existe una marcada diferencia farmacocinética y farmacodinámica entre caninos y felinos que corresponden a diferencias en el metab