Neutropenia febril en pacientes oncohematológicos: una revisión sistemática sobre el perfl bacteriológico y la resistencia en América Latina

Objective. To describe febrile neutropenia in oncohematological patients in Latin America, its bacteriological profle and resistance. Methods. A systematic review study was carried out, following PRISMA criteria in order to respond to the research objective. Information was collected from observational studies, review articles, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, in English and Spanish. The review was carried out in the LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciELO databases, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and health sciences descriptors (DeCS) for the search strategy. Results. A total of 9 articles were selected, showing that the predominant germs associated with patients with febrile neutropenia are gram-negative bacilli, with Escherichia coli being the main and least resistant. On the other hand, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomona aeruginosa are more resistant gram-negative microorganisms, causing more severe infection. The antimicrobials with good efcacy and absence of resistance against these pathogens are carbapenemics, amikacin, meropenem and tigecycline. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the main grampositive agents found, with a wide resistance and 100% sensitivity to linezolid, daptomycin and vancomycin. Conclusions. Colombia is the country with the highest antimicrobial resistance in Latin America. However, there is an increase in resistant bacteria over time, due to incorrect use of antimicrobials, omission of microbiological examinations and lack of scientifc evidence; therefore, it is important to carry out quantitative microbiological studies in Latin American countries in order to establish empirical treatment with good results Objetivo. Para descrever a neutropenia febril em pacientes oncohematológicos na América Latina, seu perfil bacteriológico e sua resistência. Métodos. Foi realizado um estudo de revisão sistemática, seguindo os critérios do PRISMA, a fim de responder ao objetivo da pesquisa. Foram coletadas informações de estudos observacionais, artigos de revisão, meta-análises, revisões sistemáticas, em inglês e espanhol. A revisão foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect e SciELO, utilizando os termos Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e os descritores das ciências da saúde (DeCS) para a estratégia de busca. Resultados. Um total de 9 artigos foram selecionados, mostrando que os germes predominantes associados aos pacientes com neutropenia febril são bacilos gram-ne