Estudio Botánico y Fitoquímico de las Hojas Secas de Maca de la Meseta de Bombón, Junín-Perú

We make a botanic (taxonomic and hystologic) and phytochemic study of the “maca” from the Meseta de Bombom-Junìn with the OBJETIVE to deteremine the species to which it belong. Materials and method: the samples were collected between December-2007 and Augost-2008 according with the Cerrate E and Ramagosa et al. Method.The taxonomic study was based on the Cronquist clasification system (1981), national and international keys, original descriptions and fototypes and draws. We used reactives of analytic grades and certifayed standars of Quercetine.The test of quercetin was made by spectrophotometry UV/Vis in the methanolic hydrolyzed extract, following the Sharapin modified method and by HPLC following the Piacente modified method. The identification of the insatureted fat acids was made by gas cromatography acopled to mass spectrometry (GC-EM). Results: The morphology of the leaves showed tha the plant is annual, pubescent, hebaceae-sufrútice; pinnasectas leaves, permanent sepals; globous tuberous roots. All o these are characteristics of the Lepidiun peruvianum Chacon. The histology showed that the plant has unicelular conic tricomes and pluricelular t icomes; the epidermis and the mesophil has calcium oxalate chystals. In the methanolic hydrolysed “B” we found a significant amount of flavonoids, expresed as Quercetine (3,55- 3,95 mg/g of sample) tested by spectrophotomety as by HPLC.mg/g of sample) tested by spectrophotomety as by HPLC. By CG-EM we found poliinsaturated fat acids such: palimitc acid, etilo linolated, etilo linolenated and etilo palmitated. Consclusions: the sample of “Maca” colected in the Meseta de BombonDepartment of Junín belongs to the Lepidiun peruvianun Chacon species and has flavonoids (quercetin) and polyunsaturated fat acids. Realizamos el estudio botánico (taxonómico e histológico) y fitoquímico de las hojas de maca que se cultivan en la Meseta de Bombón del Departamento de Junín, con el OBJETIVO de determinar la especie a la que pertenece. Materiales y métdo: as muestras fueron colectadas entre diciembre-2007 y agosto-2008, siguiendo el método de Cerrate E y Ramagosa et. al. El estudio taxonómico se fundamentó en el sistema de clasificación de Cronquist (1981), claves nacionales e internacionales, descripciones originales fototipos y dibujos. Utilizamos reactivos de grado analítico y un estándar certificado de quercetina. La determinación de la quercetina se realizó por espectrofotometría UV/Vis, en un extracto metanólico hidrol