Identificación de zonas con presencia de retamo espinoso (ulex europaeus), utilizando teledetección espacial, en el municipio de Sibaté [Cundinamarca]

ABSTRACT Contextualization: Invasive plants such as the thorny broom (Ulex europaeus), negatively impact biodiversity and the normal development of ecosystems in the territories where it is present. Likewise, there are effects on agricultural fields, reducing the area to be cultivated, which has repercussions on the decrease in harvests. Knowledge gap: Reason why, it is pertinent to develop low-cost and effective methodologies to identify the areas affected by this type of weeds. So that there is information to reduce the impact on the environment and on the peasant communities in the area. Purpose: Implement a proposal for the identification of the areas affected by the invasive prickly broom plant, in the municipality of Sibaté Cundinamarca. Methodology: Joint work was carried out with the peasant community of the municipality, identifying and georeferencing some areas where the plant is present. Next, the spectral intensity values in a satellite image were calculated. From the statistical analyzes of percentiles, the 25 and 75 percentiles were quantified. Finally, the pixels with some degree of probability of presence of the invasive plant were calculated, using the "Hot Spot" algorithm. And finally, the probable areas in the territory were validated, using unmanned aerial vehicles. Results and conclusions: As a result of the investigation, it was possible to identify points and areas where there is possibly the presence of the invasive prickly broom plant in the municipality of Sibaté Cundinamarca. Detailing the results, there are two areas that the proposed methodology throws in the center of the municipality, with a 99% probability of presence of the invasive plant. At the same time, eight points with possible presence and a probability of 95% are evidenced. And finally, eight points with a probability of 90% of the presence of the invasive plant. Finally, part of the areas and points thrown with the possible presence of the invasive plant was corroborated, implementing unmanned aerial flights. Concluding great spatial correlation between the two methodologies. RESUMEN Contextualización: Las plantas invasoras como el retamo espinoso (Ulex europaeus), impactan negativamente la biodiversidad y desarrollo normal de los ecosistemas en los territorios donde hace presencia. A sí mismo, se presentan afectaciones a los campos agrícolas disminuyendo el área a cultivar, lo cual repercute en la disminución de las cosechas. Vacío de conocimiento: Razón por l