Los pasivos ambientales: el cambio de paradigma conceptual desde el contexto de Cuba

The research work analyzes the main scientific-technological references about environmental liabilities, based on the paradigm of the impacts generated bymining activity, its consequences on natural resources and people's health. However, other essential economic activities that contemporary societies evolve areestablished environmental liabilities, either through the exploitation of natural assets or through the disposal of their residues, which cause pressure on the components of biological diversity, the fragmentation of ecosystems specifically and, therefore, the modification of the original natural conditions of the spaces where their waste is found or disposed. The reported scientific criticism has limited the approach of environmental liabilities to the exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals, which restricts their diversity and complexity. In the research, theoretical methods were used, such as the historicallogical analysis, the systemic approach and the analysis and synthesis. As empirical methods, documentary analysis was used and the most specific conceptual and legal references on the subject are exposed, with an emphasis on the Latin American and Caribbean region. These are new conceptual criteria and classification of environmental liabilities, from the research experience in Cuba, through scientifictechnological projects in regions with great diversity of liabilities accumulated from previous and current processes. MAPs, generated by primary and secondary sectors of the economy, such as mining, metallurgy, forestry and agriculture, and within the tertiary sector, social, health and community services have been analyzed. El trabajo investigativo analiza las principales referencias científicotecnológicas acerca de los pasivos ambientales, a partir del paradigma de los impactos generados por la actividad minera, sus consecuencias sobre los recursos naturales y la salud de las personas. Sin embargo, otras actividades económicas esenciales que desarrollan las sociedades contemporáneas generan pasivos ambientales, ya sea por la explotación de los bienes naturales o por la disposición de sus residuos, los que provocan presiones sobre los componentes de la diversidad biológica, la fragmentación de los ecosistemas expuestos y, por consiguiente, la modificación de lascondiciones naturales originales de los espacios donde se desarrollan o disponen sus residuos. Las consideraciones científicas reportadas, han limitado elabordaje de los pasiv