La estructura ocupacional urbana argentina durante las recientes fases de expansión y estancamiento (2004-2019)

The objective of the article is to examine the Argentine urban labor market during recent politicaleconomic phases. Several studies addressed the performance of the labor market during the post-crisis decade of 2001; however, there is a lack of comparative analysis considering the later phases. The...

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Veröffentlicht in:Trabajo y sociedad (Santiago del Estero, Argentina) Argentina), 2021 (36), p.231-249
Hauptverfasser: Poy Piñeiro, Santiago, Robles, Ramiro Enrique, Salvia, Agustín
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Sprache:spa
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Zusammenfassung:The objective of the article is to examine the Argentine urban labor market during recent politicaleconomic phases. Several studies addressed the performance of the labor market during the post-crisis decade of 2001; however, there is a lack of comparative analysis considering the later phases. The hypothesis is that during the whole period persisted a matrix of economic-occupational heterogeneity, which expressed in insufficient labor demand in the most productive sectors, in employment quality gaps and in a pattern of economic inequality between different sectors. The paper follows a quantitative strategy based on microdata from the Permanent Household Survey (EPH). The paper shows that: a) throughout the period, employment in the microinformal sector represented more than 4 out of every 10 jobs; b) while between 2004 and 2013 the labor demand in formal enterprises linked to the domestic market increased, this trend was later reversed, showing a raising precariousness in the labor market; c) although the quality of employment improved between 2004-2013, in the whole period almost half of the jobs were precarious, and also employment quality showed a strong correlation with economic-occupational sector; d) the structural heterogeneity of the labor market shaped a pattern of rigid inequality between economic-occupational positions with consequences on workers’ living conditions. O artigo examina o comportamento do mercado de trabalho urbano na Argentina durante diferentes fases político-econômicas recentes. Muitas investigações descreveram a dinâmica sócio-laboral da década pós-crise de 2001, mas falta uma análise comparativa sistemática com a fase posterior. Com base em microdados da Pesquisa Permanente sobre as Famílias (EPH), foi examinada a hipótese de que uma matriz de heterogeneidade econômico-ocupacional teria persistido, expressa em demanda insuficiente por emprego nos setores mais produtivos e em disparidades na qualidade de emprego e renda entre setores econômico-ocupacionais. Os resultados mostram que: a) durante o período, o emprego no setor informal representou mais de 4 em cada 10 empregados; b) entanto entre 2004 e 2013 a demanda por emprego no setor formal ligada ao mercado interno aumentou, mais tarde essa dinâmica foi revertida e a estrutura ocupacional tornou-se mais precária; c) embora entre 2004 e 2013 a qualidade do emprego tenha melhorado, em todo o período o segmento precário envolveu quase a metade dos trabalhadores; d) a heterogen
ISSN:1514-6871
1514-6871