Diseño, construcción y evaluación de una escala para medir la actitud hacia la automedicación en adolescentes

ABSTRACT Background: An increase in the self-medication in youth has been observed in last decades. Although there are several instruments to measure the behavior of self-medication, none of them work is aimed to measure the underlying attitude. The goal of this study was to design and evaluate an attitude towards self-medication measurement scale in youth and adolescence and the assessment of its psychometric characteristics. Methods: Development and validation of the Attitude towards self-medication Scale based on the data obtained in February 2012 of 665 adolescents with an average age of 15.5 years (D.T = 1.1) in educational centers of the Community of Madrid. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were computed. Results: EFA revealed a 3 factors solution: Self-medication and regulation of negative emotions (9 items), Peer-based self-medication and advertising (5 items) and Self-medication by own decision (3 items), with adequate reliability indexes. A CFA comparing 2 alternative models revealed that the 3 factor model yielded more satisfactory fit indexes. Results from a CFA for this model was also performed with a random sample, comprising half of the participants, also showed adequate fit indexes. Conclusions: The developed scale showed acceptable psychometric properties, and even with different latent factors it shows unidimensionality. Inner consistency of the overall scale and of each of the three factors is acceptable. Goodness of fit indexes is adequate. RESUMEN Fundamentos: En las últimas décadas se está produciendo un incremento en la conducta de automedicación de los jóvenes. Aunque existen distintos instrumentos que tratan de medir la conducta de automedicación, ninguno aborda la medición de la actitud que subyace. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar y evaluar una escala de medida de la actitud hacia la automedicación en los adolescentes y la valoración de sus propiedades psicométricas. Métodos: Construcción y validación de una escala de actitud hacia la automedicación a partir de los datos obtenidos en febrero de 2012 de 665 adolescente con media de edad 15.5 años (D.T = 1.1) en centros educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Para la validación de la escala se realizó un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). Resultados: El AFE reveló tres factores latentes: Automedicación y regulación de emociones negativas (9 ítems), Automedicación basada en pares y public