Un nuevo modelo de modificación y delimitación de la capacidad de obrar de la persona con discapacidad

The content of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN, New York, 13 December 2006, in force in Spain since 3 May 2008) has constituted a major challenge to our traditional system of "incapacitation", as it unifies legal capacity and capacity to act, grants extensive rights to the disabled, rejects the traditional guardianship system and proposes a system of specific support, always respecting the will of the person with disabilities. The first advances in legislative development (draft bill of Reform of the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Act) point towards the replacement of the term "incapacitation" by “modification or delimitation of the capacity to act”, which has already been introduced in the Law of Reform of the Civil Registry, and the replacement of "incapacitated" by "ward" and "incapable" by "disabled" or "person with disabilities". As a protective measure, the figure of the "assistant" or "companion" has been suggested as a complement. Until Spanish legislation is modified to conform to the Convention, "gradable conservatorship" is required for persons with permanent mental disorders who cannot manage themselves, indicating the specific areas of incompetence, depending on the situations, contexts and requirements. The draft widens and diversifies the list of support measures and regulates the figure of the provisional defender (Amendment of the Civil Procedure Act, article 762) and the court authorization for involuntary admission and involuntary outpatient treatment due to psychic disorders (article 763 of the Civil Procedure Act and proposed amendment). Other resolutions, laws, jurisprudence and proposals for certain groups are also reviewed. Finally, the issue of involuntary admission and involuntary outpatient treatment is briefly discussed. El contenido de la Convención de la ONU sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad (ONU, Nueva-York, 13de diciembre de 2006, vigente en España desde el 3 de mayo de 2008), ha supuesto un gran desafío a nuestro tradicional sistema de «incapacitación» ya que unifica capacidad jurídica y capacidad de obrar, concede amplios derechos al discapacitado, rechaza el tradicional sistema tutelar y propone un sistema de apoyos puntuales, respetando siempre la voluntad de la persona con discapacidad. Los primeros avances de desarrollo legislativo (borrador de Anteproyecto de Ley de reforma del Código Civil y Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil) apuntan a la sustitución del té