El uso de las rúbricas en el desarrollo del razonamiento hipotético-deductivo en estudiantes de medicina en una universidad colombiana

It is important to highlight the cognitive processes of each individual to approach learning, observing how he/she processes and organizes information. In medical education, students should analyze a problem, use prior knowledge and process new information to generate a hypothesis, reformulate the diagnosis and develop a plan for the patient; this is called clinical judgment. The rubrics are versatile evaluation tools that help to reflect the degree of mastery of a subject (clinical reasoning) through the correlation of the evaluation criteria. The trinomial teaching / learning / evaluation is completed with the levels of mastery and aspects to be evaluated. The rubric has attributes on other evaluation instruments, such as immediate feedback on the learning process since it clearly establishes the competences to be evaluated, which the students know. It also favors selfreflection on the part of the student, making him/ her responsible for his/her own construction and the achievement of the objectives. In the development of this study the predetermined headings were delivered at the beginning of the courses of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine; they were evaluated six weeks later and a paired t-test was found. The median for the Biochemistry course at the beginning of the course was 3.91 (95% CI), ending with a median of 4.2 (95% CI) a value of p = 0.05. With regard to Internal Medicine, the initial median was 3.2 (95% CI) and the final median was 4.2 (95% CI) and p = value p = 0.00. The findings suggest that the use of the rubrics allowed to improve the academic results of the students, and thus helped achieve the competences settled for the courses. Es importante destacar la relevancia de los procesos cognitivos de cada individuo, para abordar el aprendizaje, mirando, la manera de procesar y organizar la información. En la formación médica, los estudiantes deben analizar un problema, utilizar el conocimiento previo y procesar nueva información para generar una hipótesis, reformular el diagnóstico y elaborar un plan para el paciente, esto se denomina juicio clínico.Las rubricas son instrumentos de evaluación versátiles ayudan a reflejar el grado de dominio de un tema (razonamiento clínico) mediante la correlación de los criterios de evaluación, con los niveles de dominio y aspectos a evaluar se completa el trinomio: enseñanza/aprendizaje/evaluación. Esta tiene atributos sobre otros instrumentos de evaluación como la retroalimentación inmediata sobr