Factores de riesgo psicosocial para embarazo temprano y deserción escolar en mujeres adolescentes

To explore the frequency and weight that psychosocial risk factors predispose to outcomes of early pregnancy and scholar dropout, a descriptive review was conducted. Materials and Meth­ods: A search and review of the results reported by observational studies in the PubMed data­base indexed from July...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ciencias de la salud 2016, Vol.14 (1), p.93-101
Hauptverfasser: Jiménez Cruz, Camilo Andrés, Dávila Ramírez, Fabián, Fajardo Granados, David Eduardo, Florido Pérez, Carmentulia, Vergara Castellón, Karen Cecilia
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Zusammenfassung:To explore the frequency and weight that psychosocial risk factors predispose to outcomes of early pregnancy and scholar dropout, a descriptive review was conducted. Materials and Meth­ods: A search and review of the results reported by observational studies in the PubMed data­base indexed from July 27, 2010 until July 25, 2013 was performed, restricting the search to studies in humans, Spanish or English written, not made in countries in Africa or Asia. Search was widened to LILACS database for the years 2006 to 2013 for Latinamerican countries. For inclusion, all case-control studies comparing different types of interventions and psychosocial risk factors in adolescents were eligible. Results: The review suggests violence experienced dur­ing adolescence, sexual abuse, belonging to a low socioeconomic status, low self-esteem, eating behavior disorders, smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction, mental disorders, early initiation of sex, poor family ties, lack of access to information, and resources for family planning as main psychosocial factors related to early pregnancy and scholar dropout in adolescents. Conclusions: Both risk factors associated with pregnancy and scholar dropout were described, and interven­tions targeting the described risk factors could potentially contribute to the reduction of these outcomes were described.  Para explorar a frequência e peso com que os fatores de risco psicossocial predispõem aos desenlaces de gravidez precoce e deserção escolar nas adolescentes, se realizou uma revisão descritiva. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se uma busca e revisão dos resultados apresentados pelos estudos observacionais na base de dados indexada de Pubmed desde o 27 de julho de 2010 até o 25 de julho de 2013, restrin­gindo a busca a estudos em humanos, escritos em espanhol ou inglês, não realizados em países da África o da Ásia. Ampliou-se a busca à base de lilacs para os anos compreendidos de 2006 ao 2013, para países da América Latina. Foram elegíveis para inclusão, todos os estudos de casos e controles que compararam diferentes tipos de intervenções e fatores de risco psicossocial em adolescentes. Resultados: a revisão sugere, como principais fatores psicossociais relacionados com a gravidez e a deserção escolar nas adolescentes, à violência experimentada durante a adolescência, o abuso sexual; pertencer a um estrato socioeconómico baixo; baixa autoestima; transtornos na conduta alimentaria; o tabaquismo, alcoolismo e toxicomania; os transtorn
ISSN:1692-7273