Estudo fitoquímico e atividades biológicas do limãozinho Zanthoxylum syncarpum Tull

Some considered neglected diseases such as dengue and leishmaniasis, still do not have drugs or forms of effective control. The genus Zanthoxylum presents various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans and terpenes, and has been widely used in folk medicine for various purposes. The aim of this study was to identify the main compounds of the ethanol extract of the leaves of the limãozinho (EEFL), Zanthoxylum syncarpum Tull. and assess their activity against Artemia salina, Aedes aegypti and Leishmania infantum chagasi and inhibition of acethylcholinesterase (AChE). The toxicity test in A. Saline was performed at concentrations of 1000, 100, 10 and 1 µg/mL with 10 larvae per tube. The activity against A. aegypti were tested at concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 100 and 50 µg/mL with 25 larvae per tube. The antileishmanial assay was performed in a 96 well plate with 106 parasites per well EEFL with concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/mL. To determine the activity of AChE solutions were used 5,5'-dithiobis 2nitrobenzóico and acetylcholine iodide in buffer cromatoplaca. The inhibition was observed based on the measurement of the thickness of the white halos around the samples. Potassium dichromate, pentamidine and physostigmine were used as standard drug for artemicida tests, leishmanicidal and anticholinesterase respectively. All assays were performed in triplicate. The EEFL presented LC50 with values of 17.73 and 49.39 µg/mL for A. salina and A. aegypti and respectively against L. infantum chagasi, showed a similar pattern to the drug, with values of EC50 16.03 and 23.71 µg/mL, respectively. From these results, it is concluded that the EEFL, Z. syncarpum Tull . shows an alternative for the development of antileishmanial drugs and larvicides. Algumas doenças consideradas negligenciadas, como o dengue e a leishmaniose, ainda não têm medicamentos e/ou formas de controle eficazes. O gênero Zanthoxylum apresenta vários metabólitos secundários como alcaloides, flavonoides, cumarinas, lignanas e terpenos, e tem sido amplamente utilizado na medicina popular para diversos fins. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais compostos do extrato etanólico das folhas do limãozinho (EEFL), Zanthoxylum syncarpum Tull. e avaliar sua atividade contra Artemia salina, Aedes aegypti e Leishmania infantum chagasi e inibição da acetilcolinesterase (AChE). O teste de toxicidade frente à A. salina foi realizado nas concentrações