El diagnóstico de la amplitud de la zona de desarrollo próximo: Una experiencia cubana

The article presents results of an investigation whose aim was directed to develop a methodology for the diagnosis of the extent of the ZPD of the first grade of primary school. The selection and application of certain theoretical methods that allowed the systematization and analysis of the literature collected and the conceptual interpretation of the empirical data that were found: induction-deduction and analysis - synthesis; historical - logical; systemic structural, as well as the transit of the abstract to the concrete. The empirical methods that enable obtaining and elaboration of data and knowledge of basic facts that characterize the phenomena were: review of documents; group interview; individual interview; pedagogical testing; observation and completion of sentences. They were used as statistical methods descriptive statistics: the calculation of frequency and percentage analysis. The application of the methodology allowed to diagnose the intellectual potentialities of schoolchildren once determined the extent of the ZPD. The systematization of the experience by teachers selected school children, demonstrated that the methodology that is offered, is feasible and that it contributes to the conception of development of primary school diagnosis, for the projection of a process of teaching - learning with higher quality. The methodology allows diagnosing cognitive psychological processes developing, contributing to the fulfillment of one of the principles of Cuban cultural historical approach-based education: education must lead and guide development. El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue dirigido a elaborar una metodología para el diagnóstico de la amplitud de la ZDP de los escolares de primer grado de la enseñanza primaria. La selección y aplicación de determinados métodos teóricos que posibilitaron la sistematización y el análisis de la bibliografía recopilada y la interpretación conceptual de los datos empíricos entre los que se encontraron: inducción-deducción y análisis - síntesis; histórico - lógico; sistémico estructural, así como el tránsito de lo abstracto a lo concreto. Los métodos empíricos que posibilitan la obtención y elaboración de los datos y el conocimiento de hechos fundamentales que caracterizan los fenómenos fueron: revisión de documentos; entrevista grupal; entrevista individual; pruebas pedagógicas; observación y completamiento de frases. Se utilizaron como métodos estadísticos de la estadística