Replication Data for: How (not) to Keep a Promise in Two Stages: The Context-Dependent Gaps Between Parties' Representational Goals and Outcomes Through Nomination and Election

The composition of parliamentary parties does not always align with the representational goals parties have set for themselves. We theoretically conceptualize and empirically assess this gap between aspiration and outcome as a two-stage process involving nomination and election. Our study utilizes unique, detailed data at the election list level on the percentage of women nominated and subsequently elected in Germany and the Netherlands from 1982 to 2017. We theorize and demonstrate empirically that the centralization of the selection process influences the gap between a party's self-set quota and the proportion of nominated women. More specifically, we reveal that the goal-selection gap vanishes when the nomination process is centralized. At the second stage, from nomination to election, we find that both electoral uncertainty due to electoral rules and uncertainty due to electoral behavior are predictive of substantial gaps between the percentage of women nominated and those elected, particularly for smaller parties.