Dataset to the article: The toxicological assessment of a novel spiro derivative, 4-amino-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one for the Greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella

The Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L., poses a substantial threat to apiculture, adversely impacting wax quality and potentially acting as a disease vector. To address the challenges posed by this pest and ensure the sustainability of the apiculture industry, there is an urgent need for the development of innovative and effective control strategies. Spiro-derivatives compounds represent a novel class of environmentally safe compounds with high insecticidal properties. While these compounds have demonstrated high efficacy against sap-sucking insects such as aphids and whiteflies, however, their effect against chewing insects has not been yet well explored. In the current study, we hypothesized that 4-amino-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (4A1AD), a spiro-derivative compounds would exhibit efficacy against G. mellonella larvae, To test this hypothesis, we conducted dipping and feeding bioassays, incorporating varying concentrations of 4A1AD on fourth instar G. mellonella larvae, and recorded mortality, as well as biochemical parameters including total soluble protein content and enzyme activities, with anatomical abnormalities resulting from treatment. Results revealed a significant increase in larval mortality with increased concentrations and treatment durations across both bioassays. Additionally, a significant decrease in protein content and an increase in phenol-oxidase activity were observed with alterations in α and β-esterase activities. Scanning electron microscope findings revealed abnormalities in larval cuticle, spiracular openings, and legs. These findings shed light on the efficacy of 4A1AD, indicating its potential as an alternative to conventional insecticides in promoting sustainable apiculture practices. Moreover, they provide valuable contributions to the development of novel strategies for effective pest management in apicultural settings.