Renewable desalination without energy storage: direct-drive photovoltaic electrodialysis via flow-commanded current control

Sensor data extracted for the duration of the field pilot on all days including those with maintenance. "_time": the time of day in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. "DD/EDR/BATT_POWER_DS": indicates the battery power in watts, where - is power in and + is power out. "DD/EDR/BATT_SOC_DS": the battery state of charge as a percent up to 100. "DD/EDR/BATT_STATE_DS": the battery state indicated by the Victron Cerbo GX. "DD/EDR/BATT_VOLTAGE_DS": the battery voltage in volts "DD/EDR/COMPRESSOR_DUTY": the duty cycle on the air compressor "DD/EDR/COMPRESSOR_TEMP": the compressor temperature “DD/EDR/CurrentSensor_Battery_DS”: the battery current in A, where – indicates current into the battery and + indicates current out of the battery “DD/EDR/CurrentSensor_PV_DS”: the PV panel current in A “DD/EDR/CurrentSensor_Pump_DS”: the pump current sensor in A “DD/EDR/CurrentSensor_Stack_DS”: the stack current sensor “DD/EDR/ERINE_DUTY”: the electrode rinse pump duty cycle “DD/EDR/ERINSE_LEVEL”: the electrode rinse tank level in mm “DD/EDR/FLOW1_TEMP”: the temperature from the flow meter on channel 1 “DD/EDR/FLOW2_TEMP”: the temperature from the flow meter on channel 2 “DD/EDR/FLOW3_TEMP”: the temperature from the flow meter on the electrode rinse “DD/EDR/PH_B”: the concentrate stream pH “DD/EDR/PH_D”: the diluate stream pH “DD/EDR/PID_Q_OUT_Control_DS”: the PID flow rate commands, out of 100 as a percent of the power applied to the pumps “DD/EDR/PID_Q_SP_Setpoint_DS”: the PID flow rate setpoint for battery current, nominally 0 “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/AIR”: the air pressure in the compressor in PSI “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/BRINE_INLET”: the pressure in PSI on the brine inlet water “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/BRINE_OUTLET”: the pressure in PSI on the brine outlet water “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/DIL_INLET”: the pressure in PSI on the diluate inlet water “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/DIL_OUTLET”: the pressure in PSI on the diluate outlet water “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/ERINSE:” the pressure in PSI on the electrode rinse stream “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/FILTER_INLET”: the pressure on the prefiltration inlets “DD/EDR/PRESSURE/FILTER_OUTLET”: the pressure on the prefiltration outlets “DD/EDR/PRODUCTION_WATER”: the totalized water produced in liters, i.e. a water meter “DD/EDR/PS_CURRENT_REAL_DS”: the real current measured from the outset of the power supply to the electrodialysis stack in amps “DD/EDR/PS_Current_CMD_DS”: commanded current to the power supply in amps “DD/EDR/PS_VOLTAGE_REAL_DS”: the real voltage measured from the outset of the power supply to