MOESM3 of Prime-pull vaccination with a plant-derived virus-like particle influenza vaccine elicits a broad immune response and protects aged mice from death and frailty after challenge

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Higher dose IM + IN vaccination: Effects on lung immune response 42 days post-vaccination, viral load 3 dpi and survival after A/California/07/2009 challenge. Aged (18–22 months) BALB/c mice were immunized twice with H1-VLP, split-virion vaccine or PBS. Lungs were collected six weeks after vaccination. Percent of lung A) CD8+ T cells and expressing IFNγ presented as background subtracted (stimulated - unstimulated). Fold-change of tissue-resident B) CD4+ T cells from the PBS group. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (** p 20% of their initial weight. A log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to compare survival curves with the PBS control group. (** p