Data V 1.0. In Data from: Towards Implementing AI Post-processing in Weather and Climate: Proposed Actions from the Oxford 2019 Workshop

We present an open-access experimental testbed database of clean weather and climate data on which traditional methods have been implemented, in order to set benchmarking points for the rapid development of new machine learning methods. Descriptions of the clean weather data is included below, but can also be found in the article: "Towards Implementing AI Post-processing in Weather and Climate: Proposed Actions from the Oxford 2019 Workshop" 1 MJO Ensemble Forecasts We also include a database of climate variability modes identified from six separate operational weather forecast models for more than a decade worth of forecasts. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO - Madden and Julian 1977, 1994), a dominant intraseasonal mode of variability in the Tropics and a significant source of predictability globally on subseasonal timescales, has been identified using statistical techniques on forecast variables. We use the zonal winds at 850 hPa, 200 hPa and outgoing longwave radiation from both the forecast models and observations to diagnose the MJO and evaluate its forecast skill. 2 PNA Ensemble Forecasts Similarly, to the MJO Ensemble Forecast the Pacific North American pattern which is a large-scale weather pattern over the Pacific Northwest region has been identified using the geopotential height field (Wallace and Gutzler 1981) in both observations and model forecasts. These datasets are provided as benchmark datasets for training post-processing algorithms to improve forecasts of these large scale modes of variability and concomitantly subseasonal forecast skill of other related weather patterns. 3 Global Forecast System (GFS) Integrated Vapor Transport GFS predictions at a 0.5‐degree horizontal spatial resolution on 64 vertical levels for daily 0000 and 1200 UTC model initializations are utilized to calculate the forecasted magnitude of integrated vapor transport (IVT). IVT is a combined momentum and thermodynamic metric which integrates specific humidity and u and v components of the wind speed from 1000 to 300 hpa. Here we present three forecast lead times of 1-day, 2-days, and 1 week from 2006 to 2018. This includes ~8000 data fields for every forecast lead time or ~24,000 forecasted fields across all lead times. The region of interest spans coastal North America and the Eastern Pacific from 180°W to 110°W longitude, and 10°N to 60°N latitude. IVT from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Appli