À l’ombre des maîtres : les artistes « secondaires » en peinture, sculpture et architecture (XIIe-XIXe siècle)

Ces journées d'études doctorales internationales en histoire de l'art ont pour principal but d'offrir un espace de réflexion aux jeunes chercheurs de la discipline, qu'ils soient français ou étrangers. Il s'agit ainsi de favoriser les échanges et les débats entre doctorants, jeunes chercheurs et collègues expérimentés. Dans ce but, le choix du thème de recherche - les artistes dits "secondaires" en peinture, sculpture et architecture (XIIe-XIXe siècle) - offre un vaste de cadre réflexion dans lequel nombre d'études actuelles prennent place. C'est ainsi l'occasion de rappeler que les recherches doctorales en histoire de l'art sont en effet souvent porteuses de nouveaux questionnements. Elles enrichissent considérablement les connaissances sur les pratiques artistiques et sont désormais incontournables dans le renouvellement et l'approfondissement de ces dernières. The essential locus of the workshop has to be enquired into. How is a workshop organized? Which role is given to each of its members? From preparing colours to realising some parts of the painting, from building a mould to pouring liquid bronze into this casting mould, or from drawing a project to managing a work site, which evolution and which autonomy can students benefit from regarding their masters? Vasari has revealed a progressive vision of Art History, which still prevails in the discipline: students are inevitably ending up overstepping their master (Michelangelo and Ghirlandaio) or outshining their father (Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Pietro Bernini in the 17th century). But what about those who were not taken on and those who remained unskilled workers in their lifetime? Was their role really secondary? The ways and means of these artists’ dependence and emancipation regarding their masters, their model, or their technique has to be addressed. La Storia dell’arte è ampiamente definita dallo studio della figura dell’artista e, in particolare, da quella dei maestri attorno ai quali gravitano molte figure considerate minori. Tale categorizzazione è in gran parte dovuta ai criteri di valore che la ricerca applica alle opere. Tuttavia, bisogna prendere in considerazione le pratiche storiche proprie a ciascuna area geografica del continente europeo. Allo stesso modo, anche il caso dell’atelier merita di essere approfondito: come è composto? Qual è il ruolo di ciascuno dei suoi membri? Dalla preparazione dei colori all’esecuzione di alcune parti del dipinto, dallo stampo alla fusione di un bronzo o