Fig. 4 in Divergence in Body Mass, Wing Loading, and Population Structure Reveals Species-Specific and Potentially Adaptive Trait Variation Across Elevations in Montane

Fig. 4. Parameter estimates for fixed effects (β) in spatial mixed effects models (spaMM) for each species, with 95% CIs, testing the effects of Elevation (scaled), AMT (scaled), and Elevation * AMT interaction on traits; Asterisk indicates the CIs did not encompass zero. If no estimate is shown that variable was not included in the model for that species. Maps show spatial trends of trait value from interpolation of estimates for each model (filled.mapMM function in spaMM). Note, for B. vosnesenskii mass and pw-Empty, the low-AIC models were intercept plus random effect only, but for visualization, results are presented for the next best model with at least one fixed effect (seeTable 2 for model details).