Fig. 9 in Palatal Biomechanics and its Significance for Cranial Kinesis in Tyrannosaurus rex

Fig. 9. Comparison of neutral postures of Tyrannosaurus rex and Psittacus erithacus in left rostrolateral view showing effects of protractor muscle activation, constraints, and sutural materials on the behavior of models. Jaw joint constraints with activated (A) and deactivated (B) protractor muscles reveal few differences in strains in the model. Occipital constraints with activated (C) and deactivated (D) protractor muscles reveal significant differences in strain distribution in the palate. Regions of models with hatching represent areas that have been cut away to allow for better visualizations of internal structures. Psittacus erithacus is presented to show differences between using rodent sutural properties (E) and canine sutural properties (F). Rodent sutural properties were used in Psittacus and Gekko and canine sutural properties were used in Tyrannosaurus. Sutural properties were considered based on taxon size.