Figure 1 in Strategies for size and growth in butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera): counterintuitive trends and unique solutions to achieving maturity

Figure 1. The triangular relationship linking mature larval size, average growth rates and development time. Larvae have some capacity of varying each of the three variables independently, increasing the options for independent growth scenarios and reducing the impact of trade-offs (antagonistic selection). Key drivers are shown as bold arrows with lesser influences shown as other arrows (continuous lines and broken lines). A selection of abiotic and biotic inputs compete for changes (+, −) between the three variables in the triangular association, which may also be driven by basic developmental adaptations (voltinism or number of broods, larval moults, number of larval instars, and the presence/absence of larval diapauses or larval overwintering); the impact of these variables, especially on development time, is complicated by whether development to full size (pre-pupal stage) has been completed or not by diapause. See Table 1 for variable names.