Map of Màndén, the Ghana and Mali empires, and Jùlá trade network

Map of Màndén, the Ghana and Mali empires, and Jùlá trade network. Includes original color and an adapted black and white version. Originally appeared in the following: Donaldson, Coleman. 2017. “Clear Language: Script, Register and the N’ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa.” Doctoral Dissertation, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10681364/. Created with data from the following sources: Dalby, David. 1971. “Introduction: Distribution and Nomenclature of the Manding People and Their Language.” In Papers on the Manding, edited by Carleton Hodge, 3:1–13. African Series. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Publications. Launay, Robert. 1983. Traders Without Trade: Responses to Change in Two Dyula Communities. Cambridge University Press. Simonis, Francis. 2010. L’Afrique soudanaise au Moyen âge: le temps des grands empires (Ghana, Mali, Songhaï). Marseille: CRDP de l’académie d’Aix-Marseille. -- Blog: https://ajami.hypotheses.org/ Project: https://www.manuscript-cultures.uni-hamburg.de/ajami/index_e.html