Towards a critique of digital reason

Opening Lecture of the 10th European Summer University in Digital Humanities "Culture & Technology" 2019 When we apply computers to humanistic questions, we rely, in some sense, on what might be called digital reason. In his great critiques of pure reason, practical reason, and judgement, Immanuel Kant argues that the objects we perceive necessarily match the a priori forms of our experience and necessarily accord with the predetermined concepts of our understanding (the categories). Does digital reason have similarly inescapable a priori forms of perception and cognition? Are there digital analogues to the a priori forms space and time? Are they inescapable or can we somehow work around the a priori forms? The powers and the limits of digital reason follow from two observations: digital reason can take into account anything and only things which we can represent digitally. And digital reason can only reason its way to (or: calculate) results which are accessible to the basic operations accessible to the underlying logic of the computing machine and which can be calculated in a manageable amount of time. From these observations, a number of questions follow. What are the nature and consequences of the analog/digital distinction? What is the nature of space and time in computational contexts? What limits are inherent in digital representations of information and what constraints do they place on the interpretation of data? What consequences ensue when limits are not observed? How does it happen that logical implications of our premises can surprise and can appear to provide new information? And what implications does digital reason have for human autonomy and responsibility? Wenn wir in den Digital Humanities Rechenmaschinen in den Dienst der Geisteswissenschaften stellen, so verlassen wir uns im gewissen Sinne auf das, was man die digitale Vernunft nennen könnte. In seinen großen Kritiken der reinen Vernunft, der praktischen Vernunft, und des Urteils, vollbringt Immanuel Kant eine "kopernikanische Revolution" in der Philosophie mit seiner Behauptung, unsere Erkenntnis richte sich nicht nach den Dingen, sondern die Dinge richteten sich nach unserer Erkenntnis: d.h. nach den apriorischen Formen der Anschauung und nach den vorgegebenen Begriffen des Verstandes (die Kategorien). Hat die digitale Vernunft ähnlich unvermeidbare, der Zeit und dem Raum entsprechende, a priori gegebene Formen der Anschauung? Sind sie wirklich unausweichbar, oder können wir irgendwi