[Supplementary Data] PowerModel-AI: A First On-the-fly Machine-Learning Predictor for Alternating Current Power Flow Solutions

Abstract The real-time creation of machine-learning models via active or on-the-fly learning has attracted considerable interest across various scientific and engineering disciplines. These algorithms enable machines to autonomously build models while remaining operational. Through a series of query strategies, the machine can evaluate whether newly encountered data fall outside the scope of the existing training set. In this study, we introduce PowerModel-AI, an end-to-end machine learning software designed to accurately predict alternating current (AC) power flow solutions. We present detailed justifications for our model design choices and demonstrate that selecting the right input features effectively captures the load flow decoupling inherent in power flow equations. Our approach incorporates on-the-fly learning, where power flow calculations are initiated only when the machine detects a need to improve the dataset in regions where the model's performance is sub-optimal, based on specific criteria. Otherwise, the existing model is used for power flow predictions. This study includes analyses of five Texas A&M synthetic power grid cases, encompassing the 14-, 30-, 37-, 200-, and 500-bus systems. The training and test datasets were generated using PowerModel.jl, an open-source power flow solver/optimizer developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States. Overview This dataset, provided as supplementary material for the above-referenced study, includes a comprehensive collection of images (plots) from the study’s analyses, along with Jupyter notebooks containing Python scripts used for the training, validation, and testing phases of PowerModel-AI. Additionally, it includes all training and external test data used in this work, generated via LANL-based open-source power flow solver, PowerModels.jl. The primary objective of this dataset is to ensure full reproducibility of the study’s analyses and facilitate critical examination by the scientific community, thereby maximizing the overall impact of the work. Directory Structure The hierarchy of folders and file organization of the dataset is illustrated in the chart below. The directory contains a README.md file which contains the information provided here and a requirements.txt that contains all libraries necessary to run the python scripts or Jupyter notebooks in this directory. A brief description of the folders and what they contain are provided below: . ├── Models/ │ ├── _PM_AI_Model