COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPIES DURING PREGNANCY: LONG-TERM MATERNAL AND NEONATAL HEALTH OUTCOME

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the long-term maternal and neonatal health outcomes associated with different antihypertensive therapies used during pregnancy. Specifically, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of these therapies in controlling maternal blood pressure, preventing maternal cardiovascular complications post-pregnancy, and their influence on neonatal health parameters such as birth weight and APGAR scores. Methods: This is a comparative, observational study involving 225 pregnant women diagnosed with hypertension. The patients were randomized to receive one of three antihypertensive therapies: Therapy A, Therapy B, or Therapy C. The study tracked the maternal and neonatal outcomes over an 18-month period following delivery. Inclusion criteria for the study included pregnant women diagnosed with hypertension between 12–20 weeks of gestation. Women with pre-existing chronic kidney disease or other severe medical conditions were excluded from the study. Data collected included maternal blood pressure control, development of preeclampsia, neonatal birth weight, APGAR scores, and long-term maternal cardiovascular health. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 225 patients participated in the study, with 75 patients in each treatment group. For maternal outcomes, 85% of patients in the Therapy A group achieved adequate blood pressure control by 30 weeks of gestation, while 12% developed preeclampsia post-delivery and 8% experienced long-term cardiovascular complications. In the Therapy B group, 70% of patients achieved blood pressure control by 32 weeks, but 18% developed preeclampsia and 10% experienced cardiovascular issues in the long term. In the Therapy C group, 75% achieved blood pressure control by 30 weeks, with 15% developing preeclampsia and 7% encountering cardiovascular complications post-pregnancy. Regarding neonatal outcomes, the average birth weight in the Therapy A group was 3.2 kg, with 92% of neonates scoring normal APGAR results at 5 minutes. Therapy B saw an average birth weight of 2.9 kg, with 87% of neonates having normal APGAR scores. Therapy C’s neonatal outcomes included an average birth weight of 3.1 kg, with 90% of newborns scoring normally on APGAR tests. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were more frequent in the Therapy B group (15%) compared to Therapy A (