1600 years of modelled energy production and demand for European Countries (Norway, France, Italy, Spain, and Sweden)

Citation When using this dataset, please cite the following paper: van der Most et al. Temporally compounding energy droughts in European electricity systems with hydropower, 10 January 2024, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3796061/v1]. Description This dataset contains daily renewable energy production and demand data used in the study "Temporally compounding energy droughts in European electricity systems with hydropower". The dataset includes production data for various renewable energy sources (offshore wind, onshore wind, solar photovoltaics, run-of-river, and hydropower reservoir inflow) and electricity demand. It was generated wit the use of 1600 years of climate model data and a daily renewable electricity production and demand modelling framework. The study focuses on five European countries with significant hydropower capacities: Norway, France, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. Content Energy Production Data: Offshore and Onshore Wind Power: Derived from 10 m wind speed data extrapolated to hub height, using power law equations and cubic power curves. Solar Photovoltaics (PV): Based on solar irradiance and temperature-dependent cell efficiency calculations. Hydropower: Includes inflow data for run-of-river and reservoir hydropower systems modelled with routed runoff data Hydropower dispatch is modelled at the national level using a linear optimization approach that aims to minimize the difference between demand and the sum of all renewable energy production over a year, directing the solution to following the load curves. Energy Demand Data: Daily load data from ENTSO-E tranparancy fitted using a logistic smooth transmission regression approach to national mean, population-weighted daily near-surface temperatures from ERA5 reanalysis data. Demand curves account for weekdays and weekends but exclude cultural and socio-economic factors such as holidays. Methodology The dataset is generated using the KNMI Large Ensemble Time Slice (KNMI-LENTIS) dataset, which includes 160 sets of 10-year physical climate model simulations of present-day climate (2000-2009). The simulations are conducted with the EC-Earth3 global climate model. The energy production and demand data are modeled to assess the impact of meteorological drivers on energy systems, with a focus on identifying periods of high residual loads (energy droughts). The model set-up has been validated with the use of ERA5 data in previous work. Usage T