EXPLORING URINARY TRACT INFECTION: ADVANCEMENT IN UNDERSTANDING & TREATMENT

UTIs, which can occur in both community and clinical settings, are among the most prevalent bacterial illnesses in the world. Although there are many different types of UTIs, from simple (uUTIs) to complicated (cUTIs), the majority of UTIs are often treated empirically. Although fungi and some viruses have also been implicated in the development of UTIs, bacteria are the most common causal agents of these infections. The most frequent cause of both uUTIs and cUTIs is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which is followed in frequency by other pathogenic microbes such Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus spp. Furthermore, the prevalence of UTIs brought on by multidrug resistance (MDR) is rising, which has significantly accelerated the spread of antibiotic resistance. as well as the financial cost of these infections. Here, we go over the numerous causes of UTIs, including the pathogenicity of the bacteria that cause them and the development of infections with increasing resistance. Keyword: UTIs, Virulence factor, Pathogenesis, Immune response, Advanced natural therapeutics.