Wildfire influences individual growth and breeding dispersal, but not survival and recruitment in a montane amphibian
Global wildfire regimes are changing rapidly, with widespread increases in the size, frequency, duration, and severity of wildfires. Whereas the effects of wildfire on ecological state variables such as occupancy, abundance, and species diversity are relatively well-documented, changes in population...
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Zusammenfassung: | Global wildfire regimes are changing rapidly, with widespread increases in
the size, frequency, duration, and severity of wildfires. Whereas the
effects of wildfire on ecological state variables such as occupancy,
abundance, and species diversity are relatively well-documented, changes
in population vital rates (e.g., survival, recruitment) and individual
responses (e.g., growth, movement) to wildfire are more limited because of
the detailed information needed on the same individuals both pre- and
post-fire. We capitalized on the 2018 Roosevelt wildfire, which occurred
during our six-year (2015–2020) capture-mark-recapture study of boreal
toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas; n = 1415) in the Bridger-Teton National
Forest, USA, to evaluate the responses of population vital rates and
individual metrics to wildfire. We employed robust design
capture-recapture models to compare the growth, dispersal, survival, and
recruitment of adult boreal toads pre- and post-fire at burned versus
unburned sites. At burned locations, growth increased two-years post-fire
compared with the year directly following wildfire and was higher
two-years post-fire than any other interval during our study period.
Boreal toads dispersed to alternative breeding patches more at burned
sites than unburned sites and dispersal increased two-years post-fire
compared with the year directly following wildfire. Annual survival and
recruitment did not differ between pre- and post-fire years nor among
pre-fire years, the year following wildfire, and two-years post-fire. We
demonstrate that, in certain contexts, dispersal can play a major role in
changes to state variables (e.g., abundance) after wildfire, as opposed to
other vital rates such as survival and recruitment. Our study represents
an important step towards understanding the biological processes that
underlie observed patterns in state variables following wildfire, which
ultimately will be critical for the effective management of species in
landscapes experiencing shifts in fire activity. |
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DOI: | 10.5061/dryad.rv15dv49j |