Data from: Elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide reduce monarch tolerance and increase parasite virulence by altering the medicinal properties of milkweeds
Hosts combat their parasites using mechanisms of resistance and tolerance, which together determine parasite virulence. Environmental factors, including diet, mediate the impact of parasites on hosts, with diet providing nutritional and medicinal properties. Here, we present the first evidence that...
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Zusammenfassung: | Hosts combat their parasites using mechanisms of resistance and tolerance,
which together determine parasite virulence. Environmental factors,
including diet, mediate the impact of parasites on hosts, with diet
providing nutritional and medicinal properties. Here, we present the first
evidence that ongoing environmental change decreases host tolerance and
increases parasite virulence through a loss of dietary medicinal quality.
Monarch butterflies use dietary toxins (cardenolides) to reduce the
deleterious impacts of a protozoan parasite. We fed monarch larvae foliage
from four milkweed species grown under either elevated or ambient CO2, and
measured changes in resistance, tolerance, and virulence. The most
high-cardenolide milkweed species lost its medicinal properties under
elevated CO2; monarch tolerance to infection decreased, and parasite
virulence increased. Declines in medicinal quality were associated with
declines in foliar concentrations of lipophilic cardenolides. Our results
emphasize that global environmental change may influence parasite-host
interactions through changes in the medicinal properties of plants. |
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DOI: | 10.5061/dryad.d68kg81 |