Fisheries bycatch mitigation measures as an efficient tool for the conservation of seabird populations
The impact of industrial fisheries on marine biodiversity is conspicuous in large pelagic vertebrate fisheries bycatch. In seabirds, this led to the decline of many populations since the 1980s following the rise of global fishing efforts. Bycatch mitigation measures were implemented in the 2000s, bu...
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Zusammenfassung: | The impact of industrial fisheries on marine biodiversity is conspicuous
in large pelagic vertebrate fisheries bycatch. In seabirds, this led to
the decline of many populations since the 1980s following the rise of
global fishing efforts. Bycatch mitigation measures were implemented in
the 2000s, but their effects on the concerned seabird populations remain
poorly quantified and understood. We studied the effects of bycatch
mitigation measures on the demography of the white-chinned petrel, one of
the most bycatch impacted seabirds whose populations suffered dramatic
declines before the implementation of mitigation measures. To do so we 1)
built multi-event capture-recapture models to estimate the demographic
parameters of a population from Possession Island (southern Indian Ocean)
over thirty years, 2) assessed the effect of climate and fishery
covariates on demographic parameters, 3) built a population matrix model
to estimate stochastic growth rate according to the management in
fisheries bycatch, and 4) estimated changes in breeding population density
using distance sampling data. The population declined from the 1980s to
the mid-2000s, while trawl and longline fisheries occurred with no bycatch
mitigation measures. The negative effects of fishery bycatch through
additive mortality and of rat predation on breeding success were likely
the main drivers of this decline. Both modeled population growth rate and
observed breeding densities showed an increase since the mid-2000s. We
explained this trend by the improvement in survival probability following
implementation of fishery bycatch mitigation measures and in breeding
success probability with the local control of the rat population and
changes in sea ice conditions on foraging grounds. Synthesis and
applications: We provide a holistic approach to assess the effects of
management measures by analysing datasets from sampling methods commonly
employed in seabirds studies. Our conclusions should encourage the
eradication of invasive predatory species in seabirds breeding areas and
the strengthening of bycatch mitigation measures for the vulnerable
seabird species, especially in international waters, but also the
development of such measures considering the other marine large pelagic
species threatened by fisheries bycatch (sharks, rays, turtles and marine
mammals) since it could be crucial to avoid populations’ extinction. |
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DOI: | 10.5061/dryad.1zcrjdfts |