Supplementary Figure 1: Urine-based regenerative RNA biomarkers for urinary bladder wound healing

Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate the expression of regeneration-related genes in canine urine during bladder repair. Materials & methods: Canine urine samples were collected after partial cystectomy. Regenerative mRNA of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), key stem cell transcription factors, and cholinergic signals were detected. Results: HIF-1α, VEGF, CD44, interleukin-6, and prominin 1 expression in canine urine after partial cystectomy exhibited two similar peaks at ~2 weeks. HIF-1α and VEGF expression was higher in the afternoon than in the morning. The expression of key stem cell transcription factors and cholinergic signals also exhibited a rhythm along with bladder healing. Conclusions: The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, key stem cell transcription factors, and cholinergic signals exhibited a time curve distribution during canine bladder healing. The expression trend of some regenerative genes was similar during bladder healing, and a cooperative effect may exist.