Supplementary Material

We have gathered data from 34 academic articles and 3 theses, which encompass 142 AHe and 203 AFT data points from the the Eastern Kunlun (Table S1). Additionally, to ensure high reliability and reproducibility of our data for subsequent research, we meticulously documented the following supplementary information for each sample: (1) sample number, (2) grains number, (3) lithology, (4) geographic coordinates, (5) elevation, (6) mean track length (MTL), standard deviation (SD), and Chi-square probability of AFT, (7) author(s), and (8) DOI. The data were analyzed using multiple methodologies to establish a sequence of low-temperature thermochronological information for the current surface rocks of the Eastern Kunlun Mountains, thereby accurately constraining the initial uplift timing of the mountain since the Cenozoic.