Sea surface temperature variability on the SE-Greenland shelf (1796-2013 CE) and its influence on Thrym Glacier in the fjord Nørre Skjoldungesund

This data set includes grain size analyses and SST reconstructions from core AXC1432 in Nørre Skjoldungensund, SE-Greenland. Furthermore it contains water temperatures calculated from mesurements from https://www.ICES.dk and from the HadISST dataset. Heat transport via ocean currents can affect the melting of marine-terminating glaciers in Greenland. Studying past changes of marine-terminating glaciers allows assessing the regional sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) to ocean temperature changes in the context of a warming ocean. Here, we present a high-resolution multi-proxy marine sediment core study from Skjoldungen Fjord, close to the marine-terminating Thrym Glacier. Grain-size data is obtained to reconstruct the calving activity of Thrym Glacier, sortable silt is used as a proxy for fjord water circulation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are reconstructed from alkenone paleothermometry (Uk'37). Measurements of 210Pb, 137Cs and 14C indicate that the core covers the past 220 years (1796 CE to 2013 CE). Comparisons with modelled SST data (HadISST) and instrumental temperatures (ICES) suggest that the SST proxy record reflects temperature variability of the surface waters over the shelf and that alkenones are advected into the fjord. Additionally, average temperatures and the amplitude of fluctuations are influenced by alkenones advected from upstream the Irminger Current. We find that the SST record compares well with other alkenone-based reconstructions from SE-Greenland, and thus features regional shelf water variability. The calving activity as well as the terminus position of Thrym Glacier did not seem to respond to the SST variability. Limited ice-ocean interactions owing to the specific setting of the glacier would explain this. Instead, the fjord circulation may have been influenced by enhanced meltwater production as well as to larger scale changes in the AMOC.