Control of calcium homeostasis and load regulation in a ventricular Z- Plane model

Calcium is considered one of the most important ions involved in the intricate workings of the heart. The control of intracellular calcium is crucial to the process called excitation-contraction coupling, enabling the chambers of the heart to contract and relax. It is involved in some of the most common heart diseases, like cardiac disfunction and arrhythmias, so knowing how it behaves during the calcium homeostasis cycle, the process of self-regulation which takes place in every beat, it is crucial for medical purposes. If we want to understand the basic physiology of this organ it is important to study in detail how calcium moves through the various organelles of the myocyte provoking this process. In this work, calcium fluxes will be studied in order to better understand the mechanisms of self-regulation of calcium concentrations in ventricular myocytes. It will require the comprehension of the intracellular calcium dynamics and their interaction and influence in the different microdomains of the cell. Be aware of ryanodine receptors and sarcoplasmic reticulum importance as well as the different mechanisms to increase or reduce the concentration of this ion in the myocyte, and study how these mechanism affect to cytosolic calcium concentration, which at the end is the responsable of the cardiac response. We will investigate the formation of steady state solutions and how the NCX work for getting stable responses. In this way a subsequent study has been carried out by means of simulations using a z-plane ventricular model to observe how different variables affect calcium homeostasis. El calcio es considerado uno de los iones más importantes involucrados en el intrincado funcionamiento del corazón. El control del calcio intracelular es crucial para el proceso llamado acoplamiento de excitación-contracción, permitiendo que las cámaras del corazón se contraigan y se relajen. Está involucrado en algunas de las enfermedades cardíacas más comunes, como la disfunción cardíaca y las arritmias, por lo que saber cómo se comporta durante el ciclo de la homeostasis del calcio, el proceso de autorregulación que tiene lugar en cada palpitación, es crucial para fines médicos. Si queremos entender la fisiología básica de este órgano, es importante estudiar en detalle cómo se mueve el calcio a través de los diversos organelos del miocito provocando este proceso. En este trabajo se estudiarán los flujos de calcio con el fin de comprender mejor los mecanismos de autorregul