A model-based analysis of SO2 and NO2 dynamics from coal-fired power plants under representative synoptic circulation types over the Iberian Peninsula

Emissions of SO2 and NO2 from coal-fired power plants are a significant source of air pollution. In order to typify the power plants' plumes dynamics and quantify their contribution to air quality, a comprehensive characterisation of seven coal-fired power plant plumes has been performed under six representative circulation types (CTs) identified by means of a synoptic classification over the Iberian Peninsula. The emission and the transport of SO2 and NO2 have been simulated with the CALIOPE air quality forecasting system that couples the HERMES emission model for Spain and WRF and CMAQ models. For the facilities located in continental and Atlantic areas (As Pontes, Aboño, and Compostilla) the synoptic advection controls pollutant transport, however for power plants located along the Mediterranean or over complex-terrains (Guardo, Andorra, Carboneras, and Los Barrios), plume dynamics are driven by a combination of synoptic and mesoscale mountain–valley and sea–land breezes. The contribution of power plants to surface concentration occurs mainly close to the source (250km from the sources) especially for CTs characterised by Atlantic advection. [Display omitted] •Synoptic circulation controls coal-fired power plants plumes from Atlantic facilities.•A combination of synoptic and mesoscale circulations drives Mediterranean plumes.•Under Atlantic dominated circulation types, pollution plumes can reach up to 250km.•Emission injection within the PBL favours fumigation close to the source (