System Component Modelling of Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure

The objective of this research is to develop a model for the electrical components that are involved in charging and discharging of an electric vehicle (EV). This will enable testing differ-ent energy management strategies that improve energy efficiency, battery lifetime, and ener-gy availability. Furthermore, the model will enable the investigation of vehicle to grid (V2G), thermal preconditioning of vehicles, and an economic analysis and optimization. In order to achieve the above goals, the effects that determine the performance of the infra-structure, rectifier, and battery are investigated and included as a second step in a parameter-ized model. Implementing an open loop control enables sample times of one minute and, by simplifying the process for a low runtime, multiple EVs can be included in the simulation of a smart grid. The structure is designed in a way as to support both uncontrolled and controlled charging with variable charging power and variable charging current. For the battery, a simple model approach was developed that limits the computational com-plexity and the effort for parameterization. It was found that the energy management of an electric vehicle is a complex process with battery handling being a key issue. The performance is dependent on various parameters that involve battery temperature, depth of discharge, and charge and discharge rates.