Validation of the particle finite element method (PFEM) for simulation of free surface flows

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities of the particle finite element method for simulation of free surface flows.Design methodology approach - A numerical simulation of a number of examples for which experimental data are available is performed. The simulations are run using the same scale as the experiment in order to minimize errors due to scale effects. Some examples are chosen from the civil engineering field: a study of the flow over a flip bucket is analyzed for both 2D and 3D models, and the flow under a planar sluice gate is studied in 2D. Other examples, such as a 2D and 3D "dam break" with an obstacle are taken from the smooth particle hydrodynamics literature.Findings - Different scenarios are simulated by changing the boundary conditions for reproducing flows with the desired characteristics. Different mesh sizes are considered for evaluating their influence on the final solution.Originality value - Details of the input data for all the examples studied are given. The aim is to identify benchmark problems for future comparisons between different numerical approaches for free surface flows.