Sustainability assessment model of mass housing's interior rehabilitation. Economic, environmental, and social impacts of interior rehabilitation scenarios in Iranian MHs. The case of Ekbatan, Tehran, Iran

The construction of mass housings (MHs) solved high demands for housing in urban areas in the 1960s and 1970s worldwide. After decades of continuous use and inadequate maintenance, these MHs have been censured due to their several social, economic, and environmental negative impacts. The mentioned MH’s deficiencies require MH interior rehabilitation. In Iran, this rehabilitation is currently based mainly on traditional and conventional construction technologies and techniques, most of which neither follow sustainability requirements nor contemporary building standards. In this regard, selection of proper MHs’ interior rehabilitation procedures, from a sustainability point of view, is a crucial issue that faces several challenges since this is a multidisciplinary and multi-criteria process. To overcome this challenge, several studies applied different building sustainability assessment (BSA) methods and tools. Most BSAs have various shortfalls such as (i) lacking a holistic approach, (ii) neglecting the involved stakeholders’ satisfaction, and (iii) employing some predefined sustainability indicators some of which are not relevant or applicable for all projects. These BSA’s shortfalls lead numerous researchers to develop individual models based on MCDM methods to fulfill their projects’ objectives. The present thesis aims to develop a novel MCDM model based on the MIVES and Delphi methods for holistic sustainability assessment of interior rehabilitation of MHs. This MIVES-Delphi model relies on a comprehensive literature review, seminars composed by experts, on-site surveying, LCA, BIM, user- and expert-based questionnaires, bias reduction, and sensitivity analysis. The model was first applied to the Ekbatan MH case study, which is the largest MH in Iran. Moreover, the author has applied this novel model to assess the sustainability of four different interior rehabilitation scenarios, including three common rehabilitation scenarios plus an innovative one. Consequently, the new model has been validated and the most sustainable rehabilitation scenario has been selected. This validation proves that the developed model can objectively quantify the holistic sustainability assessment of interior rehabilitation in MHs in Iran by considering the involved stakeholders’ preferences. Additionally, this model has flexibility, adaptability, and applicability for any type of interior rehabilitation procedure in MHs in different geographical contexts as well as different