Measuring financial protection of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants when accessing health services : (From asylum to resettlement)

Refugees and asylum-seekers often encounter situations in which their health and well-being are compromised. Despite their health needs, access to healthcare is often restricted in host countries, and this is aggravated by various reasons such as a lack of inclusive policies, language and cultural barriers, financial ability to afford, and legal status. Improving refugees´ and migrants’ health, is also to ensure that they are protected from the financial consequences of receiving medical care. To measure financial protection in the country of asylum, I have looked primarily into the consequences fall on the refugees and asylum seekers living in Egypt when accessing healthcare, that by measuring the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditures and their impact on impoverishing. Then, I looked at the equity in the use of health services and the efficiency of allocation of subsidies by the United agency for refugees (UNHCR). Finally, I explored the accessibility to healthcare and the reasons for the unmet health needs for migrants and refugees living in 4 countries in Europe and drew comparisons between those countries. All through this research, findings highlight important challenges in the access to healthcare by migrants and refugees. In the first country of asylum, refugees largely live under the poverty line and usually incur out-of-pocket payments that lead to catastrophic health expenditure. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that without equitable subsidy and efficient allocation by UNHCR, poor refugees cannot afford healthcare services. Whereas all the EU countries have ensured migrant integration policies to address protection and human rights principles, major disparities between member states were noted in the application of those policies, which increase the unmet needs of migrants and refugees in Europe and aggravates the risk conditions. Els refugiats i els sol·licitants d'asil sovint es troben amb situacions en què la seva salut i el seu benestar es veuen compromesos. Malgrat les seves necessitats relacionades amb la salut, l'accés a l'atenció sanitària sovint està restringit als països d'acollida, i això es veu agreujat per diversos motius com ara la manca de polítiques inclusives, les barreres lingüístiques i culturals, la capacitat econòmica per pagar i l'estatus legal. Millorar la salut dels refugiats i dels emigrants implica garantir que estiguin protegits de les conseqüències econòmiques de rebre atenció mèdica. Per mesu