Sistema para la gestión de innovación en países en desarrollo, basado en la autoevaluación integrada de capacidades endógenas. Articulación de la base conceptual del sistema experto para la autoevaluación

The adverse technological behavior of the small and medium-size enterprise (SME) when facing innovation is a true fact in Latin America. The Models and Methods for evaluating current innovation efforts, in particular studies for developing countries (DC), are restricted due to the difficulties faced by national and international organizations to obtain information which facilitates the analysis of specific variables. Self evaluation of capacities and innovation management contributes to the solution of the problem. The objective of this thesis was the development of a contextualized system to improve innovation, based on self evaluation of the endogenous capacities of the SMEs in developing countries. In addition, the possible articulation of an Expert System (ES) for self enterprise diagnosis was evaluated. Theoretically the research was based on the perspectives of the neo-evolutionary approach, theory of valuation, theory of resources and capacities, and the systemic competitiveness model. Methodologically in the Oslo Manual, Bogotá Manual, TEMAGUIDE Model, UNE Guideline 166000:2006 and contributions of the innovation evaluation proposed methods. The research has been developed in four phases: 1-Generation of the preliminary version of the system; 2- Validation of the components and methodological tools of the system through case studies; 3- Evaluation of the articulation of the ES for capacity diagnosis and 4- Integration of results and realization of the complete system. It was discovered that it is possible to obtain a innovation management system (GI), based self evaluation of own capacities, which helps enterprises: 1- To discover by themselves their deficiencies to innovate; 2- How to innovate starting from the analysis of their problems or real situations; 3- To learn to impulse their own innovation projects and 4- To generate information and new knowledge to act in a competitive fashion. The main result of the thesis is the innovation management system contextualized in its inputs, processes and outputs. The system contains functional components, methodological tools and procedures. Its original contributions are: - Adjustment of analysis categories and global innovation evaluation indicator for specific studies and self evaluation of innovation in SMEs of DC and proposal of new categories. - Generation of the strategic focus model and the functional structure for self evaluation of innovation. - Improvement of the conceptual base about evaluati