An Infantile Case of Covered Stent Implantation for Infectious Aneurysms of the Brachiocephalic Artery

An infectious aneurysm represents a potentially serious clinical condition because of its tendency to rupture and to be complicated with sepsis. Here we report an infantile case of infectious aneurysms of the brachiocephalic artery, occurring subsequent to mediastinitis. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed aneurysms of the brachiocephalic artery after the recurrence of mediastinitis. The patient’s trachea was compressed by the brachiocephalic artery, which was displaced backward by the aneurysms. Urgent implantation of a hand-made covered stent, which was made of a metallic stent and a roll-shaped expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, was performed. After deployment of the coveresd stent, the size of the aneurysms was diminished and compression of the trachea improved. After treatment with anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) medications, the mediastinitis has been in remission. The development of Horner’s syndrome was recognized as a complication of the stent deployment. Implantation of a covered stent represents an option for the treatment of infectious aneurysms.