Incidence and Geographic Distribution of Renal Tumors in Brazilian Children (2013-2022)

Aims: To analyze the incidence geographical distribution and therapeutic modalities of renal tumors in Brazil on children aged 0 to 14 years from 2013 to 2022. Methods: Data on malignant neoplasms (ICD-10 groups C64-C68) for individuals aged 0 to 14 years from 2013 to 2022 were obtained from the Ministry of Health's oncology panel. Incidence rates were calculated per year, state of residence, and age group. Statistical analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc test and Pearson's chi-square test. Data extraction, processing, and analysis were conducted using R software version 4.3.2. Results: During the study period, 2,728 cancer cases were reported, predominantly in children aged 0 to 4 years. Females were slightly more affected. Most treatments occurred outside the municipality of residence, with chemotherapy being the primary treatment. An average incidence rate of 0.60 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants was observed, with a 30% increase over the period. The incidence was highest in the 0 to 4 years age group (1.13 per 100,000), followed by 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years. Fourteen states had incidence rates above the national average, with the highest rates in the Federal District, Santa Catarina, and Alagoas. Conclusion: These findings can inform health policies and prevention programs to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life through early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies.