Nanomagnetic Iron Oxide Solution for Fertilization on Wheat Plants

Wheat is the most cultivated plant and an important source of carbohydrates in the world. The Fe deficiency reduces quality of grain wheat leading to Fe deficiency in human. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of foliar and ground application of iron oxide nanoparticles (made in Romania) on growth components, yield and morphological and anatomical modifications of wheat plants. The ground application of iron oxide decreased height of plant, length of root and increased root volume and chlorophyll content more than foliar application. For the wheat plants fertilized with iron oxide nanoparticles, the decrease of root length was compensated by an increase of radicular density, which led to the development of new adventitious roots that could help the plants have a better uptake of water and nutrients. This meant that the production was not negatively influenced by the treatments performed, regardless of the application method. Our studies revealed that the fertilized wheat plants (foliar and root zone) presented anatomical changes in relation to control plants. The studies presented in this paper can contribute to achieve the necessary framework for the innovative development strategy regarding the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles in foliar and ground fertilization of different crops.