The Behaviour of Some Winter Wheat Varieties, Created at ARDS Turda Against Fusarium sp. Attack, during 2015-2018

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease of small grain cereals caused by pathogen fungi Fusarium sp. and has become a serious danger to the worldwide grain industry. Under favorable weather conditions (moist, warm conditions during flowering), the Fusarium spores are spread by wind to cereal spikelet, and then, infection expands within the whole ears. Wheat production can be reduced by up to 50-60%, and includes losses caused by flower abortion, elimination of damaged grains during threshing, decrease in grain size, and reduction in grain weight. In this paper we studied the behavior of some wheat varieties at the Fusarium sp., attack, under different infection conditions, between 2015-2018. The climatic conditions had a decisive role in the appearance and development of the disease, the percentage of infected ears and grains, in 2015 and 2016 recorded the highest values. Applying the vegetation treatments, at the optimum time, will lead to the reduction of the percentage of infected ears and kernels, even if there is a high pressure of infection. The yields obtained from the wheat varieties were influenced by the climatic conditions, the infection mode and the cultivated genotype. The lowest yields were obtained in 2017, a problematic year for the winter wheat crop; at the pressure of infection, without treatments, we obtained the lowest yields.