ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАРЛАМЕНТАРИЗМА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КОРЕЯ: FEATURES OF PARLIAMENTARISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Особенности парламентаризма в Республике Корея связаны с тем, что он возник после образования Республики Корея в 1948 г. И с тех пор Корея всего год была республикой с нормальной парламентской деятельностью, а в остальное время парламент действовал в условиях либо военной диктатуры, либо президентской республики, причем около 50 лет в условиях оппозиционного большинства в парламенте. При этом Конституция страны не предусматривала роспуска парламента. В условиях демократизации, большинство избирателей составила мелкая буржуазия со свойственной ей неустойчивостью, что приводило к противостоянию парламента и президента. The Constitution of the Republic of Korea was created with the active participation of American specialists, however, in some innovations relating to the president and parliament there are significant differences from US norms. For example, in the Constitution of 1948, and then in constitutions under military regimes and during the period of democratization, the parliament is unicameral. The latest constitution, adopted in October 1987, established different terms of office for the president and parliament. The President can only serve one five-year term. Therefore, the years of presidential and parliamentary elections coincide only once every 20 years. This creates very complex political and legal problems not only in the country’s governance system, but also in the overall vector of economic and socio-political development. It often happens that either the president is forced to start his work with an opposition parliament, or the parliament becomes opposition as a result of elections, which can take place at the beginning or middle of the president’s term. President Yun Seok-yeol took office on May 10, 2022, when the opposition party had a significant majority in parliament. He had big plans for restructuring the government and reforms, but he understood that the opposition, led by his opponent in the elections, would not allow him to pass the relevant laws through parliament. He set a course for changing the composition of parliament in the elections on April 10, 2024, so that after the elections for the remaining three years of his presidential term, he could pass the necessary laws through parliament, where he hoped he would be able to obtain a loyal composition. Two weeks before the parliamentary elections on April 10, 2024, his approval rating was 34%. The election results are as follows: the presidential party (Gukmin Him – People Pow