ANALYSIS OF POLISH INTERNATIONAL TRADE WITH NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES, USING GRAVITY MODEL

The aim of the study was to examine whether there are non-tariff barriers (NTB s) in Poland’s trade with neighboring countries and in what amounts. For this purpose, a gravitational model of international trade was used, in which the parameters of selected variables were estimated in 4 agri-food sectors: agricultural raw materials, dairy products, food, fruit and vegetables, and meat products. The estimation of NTB s was the smallest in all sectors mentioned in Poland’s exports to Slovakia. The largest restrictions except for the dairy sector occur in Poland’s trade with Ukraine. The largest non-tariff barriers in Poland’s trade with neighbors occur in the agricultural raw materials sector, and the smallest in meat products. In addition, the model confirmed the veracity of the Linder hypothesis.