Implementation of tuberculosis infection control measures at HIV care and treatment sites in sub-Saharan Africa

SETTING: A total of 663 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and treatment sites in nine tuberculosis (TB) affected African countries, serving over 900 000 persons living with HIV.OBJECTIVE: To determine the implementation of infection control (IC) measures and whether program and facility characteristics were associated with implementation of these measures.DESIGN: A survey was conducted to assess the presence of a TB IC plan, triage practices for TB suspects, location of sputum collection and availability of particulate respirators. The association of facility characteristics with IC measures was examined using bivariate and multivariate methods.RESULTS: Forty-seven per cent (range across countries [RAC] 2-77%) of sites had written TB IC plans; 60% (RAC 5-93%) practiced triage; of those with access to microscopy, 83% (RAC 59-91%) performed sputum collection outdoors and 13% (RAC 0-36%) in ventilated indoor rooms; 16% (RAC 1-87%) had particulate respirators available. Sites providing anti-tuberculosis treatment were more likely to have written IC plans (54% vs. 12%, P < 0.0001) and particulate respirators (18% vs. 8%, P = 0.0126), and to perform TB triage (65% vs. 40%, P = 0.0001) than those without anti-tuberculosis treatment services.CONCLUSIONS: To protect HIV-infected patients and health care workers, there is an urgent need to scale up IC practices at HIV care and treatment sites, particularly at sites without anti-tuberculosis treatment services.