Mitigating potential injuries in gymnastics: Human factors research approach on colour coding and visual perception in high-bar training

If appropriate colour coding is applied, gymnasts’ visual perception during landing may improve, potentially leading to reduced injuries and enhanced performance. An experiment and a survey were conducted with professional gymnasts at the University of Oklahoma. For the experiment, gymnasts’ visual perceptions were assessed for different manoeuvres using distinctive colours: floral white, lime yellow, and deep blue. Subsequently, we conducted a survey to investigate their preferred colour(s), reasons behind their choices, and any previous injury experiences related to poor visibility. Significant differences between floral white and lime yellow for more complex manoeuvres (e.g., double layout flip with single twist, p = .01, and double layout flip with double twist, p = .03). Survey results indicate that floral white colour was not preferred since the gymnasts reported difficulty distinguishing the floor from the ceiling. Lime yellow was preferred due to its high contrast, and deep blue was similarly favoured because gymnasts were accustomed to it. Additionally, the gymnasts reported other potential colour(s) and/or patterns that could enhance visual perception. The study provides insights into the potential benefits of colour-coded landing areas and establishes a foundation for further research on utilizing other hue variations, lightness, chroma intensity, patterns, and related factors.