Internationalization ecosystems: a systematic literature review in search of a new theoretical framework

Objectives: This study systematically investigates the concept of internationalization ecosystems (INT-E) to evaluate the depth of existing research and assess the feasibility of a new theoretical framework that incorporates an ecosystemic perspective into contemporary International Business (IB) theories. Methodology: Utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR) and thematic analysis, the study examined 67 articles from Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science to understand the dynamics, actors, and characteristics of internationalization ecosystems. Relevance / originality: The concept of INT-E is nascent in the IB literature, with a noticeable lack of an ecosystemic approach to studying internationalization. This study validates existing models while identifying conceptual gaps, suggesting new research directions. Main Results: Significant gaps were identified in the IB literature regarding internationalization ecosystems. However, the study supports a previously proposed conceptual framework that integrates business, entrepreneurial, innovation, and platform ecosystems. Theoretical / methodological contributions: This study contributes theoretically by applying an SLR to the emerging concept of internationalization ecosystems, encouraging further research within IB Theory by focusing on INT-E as an independent entity. Management Contributions: Practically, this study lays the groundwork for a future conceptual framework that can help organizations strategically position themselves within the context of internationalization. While the INT-E framework is still developing, these preliminary insights can enhance internationalization strategies across various dimensions.