mtCO1 Analysis of the Butterfly Genus Papilio, from Indonesia

The genus Papilio is a butterfly that has many subspecies with similar phenotypes. So until now, researchers are still studying the genus Papilio based on morphology and genetics. Partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-I (mtCOI) genes from individuals from 13 species of Papilionidae from North Sulawesi: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia: Negeri Sembilan, India: Assam, South Korea, China, Taiwan: Nantou, and Thailand: Fang, Chiang Mai have been compared in this study. Nucleotide divergences showed that the mean genetic distance between species was 0.023 (2.3%) to 0.723 (72.32%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that groups of Papilionidae from North Sulawesi: Indonesia formed their own group; Species from Papua New Guinea are closely related to other Papilionidae species from other regions. There are 50 distinct sites or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the mtCO1 sequence of eleven species. These mtCO1 sequences can reveal the genetic differentiation of closely related species in the genus Papilio.